Time and calender
1. Introducing the Clock:
– What is a Clock?: Explain that a clock is a tool we use to tell the time. It helps us know what part of the day it is—like when to wake up, eat, go to school, or play.
2. Parts of the Clock:
– Face of the Clock: Show them the round part with numbers from 1 to 12. Explain that these numbers help us tell the hours.
– Hands of the Clock:
– Hour Hand: The shorter hand that moves slowly and tells the hour.
– Minute Hand: The longer hand that moves faster and tells the minutes.
– Second Hand (if there is one): The thinnest hand that moves very fast and counts seconds.
3. Understanding Hours:
– Explain that when the hour hand points to a number, it tells us what hour it is. For example, if it points to 3, it’s 3 o’clock.
– AM and PM: Briefly explain that AM is for morning and PM is for the afternoon and evening.
4. Understanding Minutes:
– The minute hand moves around the clock to show how many minutes have passed in an hour.
– Each number on the clock represents 5 minutes. So, when the minute hand points to 1, it means 5 minutes, 2 means 10 minutes, and so on.
5. Reading the Time:
– Start by showing them simple times like 3:00 or 5:00, where the minute hand is on 12 (the hour only).
– Then, introduce times like 3:30 or 5:15, where the minute hand is on other numbers.
The clock
Explore minutes and hours
1. Understanding Hours:
– What is an Hour?: Explain that an hour is a unit of time. It takes one hour for the hour hand to move from one number to the next on a clock.
– Real-Life Examples:
– “It takes about one hour to watch a movie.”
– “Your school might have classes that are one hour long.”
2. Understanding Minutes:
– What is a Minute?: Explain that a minute is a smaller unit of time. There are 60 minutes in one hour.
– Minute Hand Movement: Show them that the minute hand takes one minute to move from one small mark (or minute) to the next and 60 minutes to go all the way around the clock.
3. Connecting Hours and Minutes:
– 1 Hour = 60 Minutes: Help them understand that when the minute hand goes all the way around the clock (from 12 and back to 12), one hour has passed.
– Quarter Hours and Half Hours:
– When the minute hand points to the 3, 15 minutes have passed (1/4 of an hour).
– When it points to the 6, 30 minutes have passed (1/2 of an hour).
– When it points to the 9, 45 minutes have passed (3/4 of an hour).
4. Reading Time on the Clock:
– Full Hours: Start with simple times like 2:00 or 4:00, where the minute hand is on the 12.
– Half and Quarter Hours: Move to times like 2:30 or 4:15, showing how the minute hand points to the 6 (30 minutes) or the 3 (15 minutes).
– 5-Minute Intervals: Teach them to count by fives to read the minutes (e.g., 1 is 5 minutes, 2 is 10 minutes, etc.).
Calender
Understanding the Calendar
– Days of the Week: Teach the students the names and order of the days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.
– Months of the Year: Explain the 12 months: January, February, March, and so on. Each month has a different number of days.
Counting Days
– How Many Days in a Week? There are 7 days in a week.
– How Many Days in a Month? Explain that different months have different numbers of days. For example, January has 31 days, February usually has 28 days, and April has 30 days.
Using the Calendar for Math
– Reading Dates: Show them how to find a specific date on the calendar. For example, if they need to find the 15th of October, they can look for October and find the number 15.
– Counting Days: Practice counting how many days are between two dates. For example, “How many days are there from the 3rd to the 10th of a month?” (Answer: 7 days).
Simple Calendar Math
– Adding Days: If today is the 4th of a month and you add 5 days, what will the date be? (Answer: 9th).
– Subtracting Days: If today is the 20th and you go back 3 days, what will the date be? (Answer: 17th).
Patterns in the Calendar
– Finding Patterns: Explain that if today is a Monday, then every 7 days, it will be Monday again. This helps them understand patterns in weeks.
– Weekdays vs. Weekends: Help them recognize that weekdays are from Monday to Friday, and weekends are Saturday and Sunday.
Months
The 12 Months of the Year
1. January:
– Days: 31
– About: January is the first month of the year. It’s usually cold and part of the winter season.
2. February:
– Days: 28 or 29
– About: February is the shortest month. It usually has 28 days, but every four years (in a leap year), it has 29 days.
3. March:
– Days: 31
– About: March marks the start of spring. The weather starts to get warmer, and plants begin to grow.
4. April:
– Days: 30
– About: April is a spring month with mild weather. It’s often rainy, which helps flowers and plants grow.
5. May:
– Days: 31
– About: May is a warm spring month. Many flowers are in bloom, and it’s a great time to be outdoors.
6. June:
– Days: 30
– About: June starts the summer season. The days are longer, and it’s usually hot.
7. July:
– Days: 31
– About: July is a summer month with hot weather. It’s a fun time for outdoor activities like swimming.
8. August:
– Days: 31
– About: August is the last full month of summer. It’s still hot and sunny.
9. September:
– Days: 30
– About: September begins the autumn season. The weather starts to cool down, and leaves change color.
10. October:
– Days: 31
– About: October is an autumn month. The weather is cooler, and the leaves fall from the trees. Halloween is in October.
11. November:
– Days: 30
– About: November is the end of autumn. The weather gets colder, and winter is coming soon.
12. December:
– Days: 31
– About: December starts the winter season. It’s cold, and many people celebrate holidays like Christmas.
How to Remember the Number of Days
You can remember which months have 30 or 31 days with a rhyme:
“30 days has September, April, June, and November. All the rest have 31, except February alone, which has 28 or 29 in a leap year.”
Days in a year
How Many Days Are in a Year?
– Normal Year: A normal year has 365 days. These days are spread across 12 months, from January to December.
– Leap Year: Every 4 years, there is a special year called a leap year. A leap year has **366 days**. The extra day is added to the month of February, which normally has 28 days but has 29 days in a leap year.
Why Do We Have Leap Years?
– The Earth takes a little more than 365 days to go all the way around the Sun. It actually takes about 365 days and 6 hours.
– To make up for this extra time, we add 1 extra day every 4 years. That’s why we have a leap year!
Remember:
– 365 days in a normal year.
– 366 days in a leap year, which happens every 4 years.
| Days chart | |
|---|---|
|
7 days |
1 week |
|
About 52 weeks |
1 year |
|
12 months |
1 year |
|
365 days |
1 year |
|
366 days |
1 leap year |
|
About 4 weeks |
1 month |
|
10 years |
1 decade |
|
100 years |
1 century |
|
1000 years |
1 millennium |
Today , yesterday and tomorrow
Understanding Today, Yesterday, and Tomorrow
– Today:
– Meaning: “Today” is the current day. It’s the day you are in right now.
– Example: If today is Monday, then you do things on Monday like going to school or playing with your friends.
– Yesterday:
– Meaning: “Yesterday” is the day before today. It’s the day that has already passed.
– Example: If today is Monday, then yesterday was Sunday. You might think about what you did on Sunday, like visiting a park or having a family meal.
– Tomorrow:
– Meaning: “Tomorrow” is the day after today. It’s the next day that is coming.
– Example: If today is Monday, then tomorrow will be Tuesday. You might plan what you will do on Tuesday, like finishing homework or going to a friend’s house.
Simple Exercise:
1. If today is Wednesday, what was yesterday?
– Answer: Yesterday was Tuesday.
2. If today is Wednesday, what will tomorrow be?**
– Answer: Tomorrow will be Thursday.
Seasons
Understanding Seasons
A year is divided into four parts called seasons. Each season has different weather, and each one lasts for about three months.
The Four Seasons
1. Spring
– When: Spring comes after winter and before summer.
– Weather: The weather starts to get warmer, and plants and flowers begin to grow.
– Months: March, April, and May.
2. Summer
– When: Summer comes after spring and before autumn.
– Weather: The weather is usually hot and sunny. It’s a great time to play outside.
– Months: June, July, and August.
3. Autumn (Fall)
– When: Autumn comes after summer and before winter.
– Weather: The weather starts to get cooler, and the leaves on trees change color and fall off.
– Months: September, October, and November.
4. Winter
– When: Winter comes after autumn and before spring.
– Weather: The weather is cold, and in some places, it may snow. People wear warm clothes.
– Months: December, January, and February.
Simple Exercise:
1. Which season comes after summer?
– Answer: Autumn (Fall).
2. How many months are in each season?
– Answer: 3 months.
3. What season is it if the leaves are falling from the trees?
– Answer: Autumn (Fall).